Voiceless postalveolar affricate Totally Explained

Everything about Voiceless Postalveolar Affricate totally explained

The voiceless palato-alveolar affricate or domed postalveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to English speakers as the "ch" sound in "chip".
Historically, this sound often derives from a former voiceless velar plosive (k, as in English, Slavic languages and Romance languages), or a voiceless dental plosive by way of palatalization, especially next to a front vowel.

Features

Features of the voiceless domed postalveolar affricate:

Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it's produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then directing it through a groove in the tongue and over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
Its place of articulation is palato-alveolar, that is, domed (partially palatalized) postalveolar, which means it's articulated with the front of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the body of the tongue bunched up ("domed") at the palate.
Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it's produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
It is a central consonant, which means it's produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it's articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Transcription

The International Phonetic Alphabet uses two symbols together to represent this sound: tʃ. They may be joined with a tiebar (t͡ʃ), and the t may sometimes be given the "retracted" diacritic (t̠ʃ). Formerly a ligature (ʧ) was used. Other phonetic transcriptions used include:

tc (older Americanist transcription)

tš

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Albanian		çelur	[t͡ʃɛluɾ]	'open'
Aleut	Atkan dialect	chamĝul	[t͡ʃɑmʁul]	'to wash'
Amharic		[[Ge'ezalphabet	[ant͡ʃi]	'you' f. sg.
Arabic	Central Palestinian	مكتبة	[ˈmat͡ʃt̪abɐ]	'library'	corresponds to [k] in Standard Arabic and other varieties. See Arabic phonology
	Jordanian	كتاب	[t͡ʃiˈt̪aːb]	'book'
	Iraqi	كتاب	[t͡ʃiˈt̪aːb]	'book'
Azeri		Əkinçi	[ækint͡ʃi]	'the ploughman'
Basque		txalupa	[t͡ʃalupa]	'boat'
Czech		morče	?	'guinea pig'	See Czech phonology
Coptic	Bohairic dialect	[[Copticalphabet	[t͡ʃoh]	'touch'
Croatian		učitelj		'teacher'
Deg Hit'an		example needed	--	--
Dena’ina		example needed	--	--
English		bleach	[bliːt͡ʃ]	'bleach'	See English phonology
Esperanto		ĉar	[t͡ʃar]	'because'
Faroese		tjørn	[t͡ʃɶtn]	'lake'
Georgian		ჩიხი	[t͡ʃixi]	'impasse'
Gwich’in		example needed	--	--
Hän		example needed	--	--
Hebrew		צ'כיה	[t͡ʃɛxja]	'Czech Republic'	See Hebrew phonology
Italian		ciao	[t͡ʃao]	'ciao'	See Italian phonology
Hungarian		gyümölcslé	[ɟymølt͡ʃleː]	'juice'	See Hungarian phonology
K'iche'		K'iche'	[kʼit͡ʃeʔ]	K'iche''	Contrasts with ejective form
Maltese		bliċ	[blit͡ʃ]	'bleach'
Norwegian		kjøkken	[tʃøkːen]	'kitchen'	See Norwegian phonology
Persian		چوب	?	?	See Persian phonology
Portuguese	Brazilian	presidente	[pɾeziˈdẽt͡ʃi]	'president'	Allophone of /t/. See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi		example needed	--	--
Romanian		cer	[t͡ʃe̞r]	'sky'	See Romanian phonology
Rotuman		joni	[ˈt͡ʃɔni]	'to flee'
Scottish Gaelic		slàinte	[slaːnt͡ʃə]	'?'
Serbian		Чоколада/čokoláda	[t͡ʃɔkɔˈlaːda]	'chocolate'
Slovak		kľúč	[klʲuːt͡ʃ]	'key'
Spanish		chafar	[t͡ʃaˈfaɾ]	'to flatten'	See Spanish phonology
Turkish		uçak	[ut͡ʃak]	'airplane'	See Turkish phonology
Ubykh		[t͡ʃəbʒəja]		'pepper'	See Ubykh phonology
Ukrainian		чотири	[t͡ʃo̞ˈtɪrɪ]	'four'	See Ukrainian phonology

Mandarin Chinese, Russian, Japanese, Catalan, and Thai have a Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /t͡ɕ/; this is technically postalveolar but it's less precise to use /t͡ʃ/.

Further Information

Get more info on 'Voiceless Postalveolar Affricate'.

External Link Exchanges

Do you know how hard it is to get a link from a large encyclopaedia? Well we're different and will prove it. To get a link from us just add the following HTML to your site on a relevant page:

<a href="http://voiceless_postalveolar_affricate.totallyexplained.com">Voiceless postalveolar affricate Totally Explained</a>

Then simply click through this link from your web page. Our crawlers will verify your link, extract the title of your web page and instantly add a link back to it. If you like you can remove the words Totally Explained and embed the link in article text.
As long as your link remains in place, we'll keep our link to you right here. Please play fair - our crawlers are watching. Your site must be closely related to this one's topic. Any kind of spamming, dubious practises or removing the link will result in your link from us being dropped and, potentially, your whole site being banned.